Lower abdominal pain in women refers to pain or discomfort felt in the area below the belly button and above the groin. It can be caused by various conditions related to the reproductive or digestive systems, including menstrual cramps, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Menstrual cramps are a common cause of lower abdominal pain in women during their periods. They occur due to the contraction of the uterus as it sheds its lining. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that can develop on the ovaries, which may cause lower abdominal pain if they rupture or twist.
Endometriosis occurs when the tissue lining the inside of the uterus grows outside of it. This can cause severe lower abdominal pain, especially during menstruation. PID is an infection of the reproductive organs, often caused by sexually transmitted infections, which can cause lower abdominal pain, fever, and vaginal discharge.
Ectopic pregnancy is a potentially life-threatening condition where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It can cause severe lower abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and shoulder pain.
IBS is a chronic digestive disorder that can cause lower abdominal pain, as well as bloating, gas, diarrhea, or constipation.
Other potential causes of lower abdominal pain in women include urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and appendicitis.
It is important to seek medical attention if the pain is severe, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms such as fever or vomiting. Treatment for lower abdominal pain in women depends on the underlying cause and may include medication, surgery, or lifestyle changes.